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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Gamow–Teller transition ： ウィキペディア英語版 Gamow–Teller transition A Gamow–Teller transition is a type of nuclear beta decay in which the spins of the emitted electron (positron) and antineutrino (neutrino) couple to total spin $S=1$, leading to an angular momentum change $\backslash Delta\; J\; =\; 0,\backslash pm\; 1$ between the initial and final states of the nucleus. This is in contrast to a Fermi transition, in which the spins of the emitted particles couple to $S=0$ and so the angular momentum of the initial and final states are unchanged ($\backslash Delta\; J=0$). Gamow-Teller and Fermi transitions correspond to two different forms of leading order behavior of the weak interaction Hamiltonian in the non-relativistic limit: 〔 〕 : $\backslash hat$ = isospin transition matrix which turn protons to neutrons and vise-versa : $\backslash hat$ = Pauli spin matrices, which lead to $\backslash Delta\; J\; =\; 0,\backslash pm\; 1$. : $\backslash hat$ = identity operator in spin space, leaving $J$ unchanged. : $G\_$ = Weak vector coupling constant. : $G\_$ = Weak axial-vector coupling constant. The theoretical work in describing these transitions was done between 1934 and 1936 by Nuclear Physicists George Gamow and Edward Teller at George Washington University. ==The Weak Interaction and Beta Decay== β decay had been first described theoretically by Fermi's original ansatz which was Lorentz-invariant and involved a 4-point fermion vector current. However, this did not incorporate Parity violation within the matrix element in Fermi's Golden Rule seen in weak interactions. The Gamow–Teller theory was necessary for the inclusion of parity violation by modifying the matrix element to include vector and axial-vector couplings of fermions. This formed the matrix element that completed the Fermi theory of β decay and described parity violation, neutrino helicity, muon decay properties along with the concept of lepton universality. Before the Standard Model of Particle Physics was developed, George Sudarshan and Robert Marshak, and also independently Richard Feynman and Murray Gell-Mann, determined the correct tensor structure (vector minus axial vector, ) of the four-fermion interaction. From there modern electroweak theory was developed, which described the weak interaction in terms of massive Gauge Bosons which was required for describing high energy particle cross-sections. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gamow–Teller transition」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.